Obviously you want to be as safe as possible with your hosting, but I understand that affordability is a big part of it too. This article will provide an overview of what a successful PBN requires and how to ensure it stays up-to-date and secure. ” Types Of Backlinks. These backlinks are often acquired through purchased expired domains that still have a strong backlink profile. Implement PBN links periodically—if you flood your site with identical backlinks, it will eventually backfire. File Converting (including free pascal dynamic library . This makes your blog management much easier. Due to the Google penalty for PBN users, you should make a well structured and footprint free PBN campaign. This is a competitive term for a few reasons. All you need to do is drop us a support ticket from inside your dashboard & our migration experts with get the process started. Now most of the time the details aren’t public and you can also purchase Whois protection for extra fees (sometimes offered for free) but I’ve heard stories of Google having access to. And if you want to rank your Website high in Google. PBN Hosting Facts; PBN Hosting Reviews; WordPress Plugins; PBN information; SEO Advice; PBN SEO;. Here are some outcomes you can expect to come out of PBN backlinks: 1. Why PBNs are Getting Penalized? Private Blog Networks or PBNs are getting penalized because search engines like Google have become more aware of link spam and manipulative tactics. They are networks of websites used to build links to a single website,Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN Management. Few Easy Steps For Good PBN:-----1. PBN Backlinks. Link Detox Pro can detect bad links, link farms, and link networks. Contact Us Today. Forums. Linking to just one page of your money site: This is the best and safest approach to using your PBNs. Many factors. $275. 1. By: Search Advanced search…Of course! The download link of PBN files will be available instantly after Editing. So I have seen people say different things on this. A managed PBN hosting service costs more than an unmanaged plan, but it’s a good choice for beginners. Niche edits are a better alternative since you can target specific pages that have inner links, as well as tier 2 links. Again, enough to set the alarm bells ringing. One thing you can expect to get when you buy PBN backlinks is to waste your money. Doing so can lead to big penalties and ranking drops. All you need to do is drop us a support ticket from inside your dashboard & our migration experts with get the process started. I set up the wordpress and post article My question is: 1. Businesses, both small and large, rely heavily on e-commerce to reach out to larger customer bases, increase their sales and expand into new markets. . During the last 12 months we ran dozens of link building campaigns and we got great results on every single campaign. I am seeing like 1 backlink per site from a single blog comment. Here. There’s a lot of tedious work in all steps of the process, but the concept itself is pretty straightforward: buy good expired domains with backlinks, host them on a good PBN host to get IP diversity, restore the original content, add your own content, wait a few weeks, then link to your website. Dedicated hosting is a type of hosting solution that provides users with their own private server to host their websites. However, should a potentially toxic PBN link make it through, the best thing to do is use Google’s disavow tool. pbn) is absolutely safe. PBN (private blog network) backlinks are links built from a network of connected websites and blogs. Because they go against Google’s restrictions, the effects of these links on search engine results tend to be temporary. A "public PBN" is from where you can buy/rent links. PBN (private blog network) is a term used to describe a particular black-hat type of website (or group of websites), built purely to place links on with no regard for human readers. According to Google, any link-building tactic that is intended to manipulate search rankings is considered link spam. This is a case study to help clarify that good PBNs do work and are the go-to link building tactic for grey hat SEOs. com. A PBN is powerful because you control the content and you control the links within the domain. You have to safe about it or you’re going to get penalized by Google. To quickly summarize, here are the steps to use the Google Disavow Tool: Step 1: Define which links you want to disavow. Spending $50 and shittons of time to "build" your PBN site, or spending a few bucks more and actually get results, not to mention play it safe and spend time. You can also use an agency to manage these links. In this article, we’ll explore the benefits of using PBNs for local SEO and small business owners. Choosing the right domains for a PBN is a skill, and it takes time to develop a good sense for when a domain is worth the money. When selecting a keyword for PBN link-building, one important factor is determining how much competition there is for that keyword. Even with aged domains, different IPs, different PRs, they dont seem natural to me and google will eventually catch up on it. Moreover, its not going to increase the risk in the. Are PBN links safe to use for SEO? While PBN links can be effective for SEO, they come with certain risks. argo-content. If not purchased and used correctly, PBN links can lead to penalties from search engines. The term PBN is a phrase for Exclusive Blog site Network as well as linking from PBN sites is thought about a black hat SEO method. No one has access to your files. When setting up a Private Blog Network (PBN) for SEO purposes, it is crucial to take a few extra steps to verify your backlinks. To avoid getting caught by Google, it is recommended to have one money site and six PBN links to that site. No more than 30 posts per PBN, often less. At the time, you could acquire a few dozen PBN backlinks pointing to an aged domain and your rankings would skyrocket in a matter of days – or even hours. 3. PBN backlinks, especially those built lazily, pose a high risk of being penalized by Google. PBN Hosting Facts; PBN Hosting Reviews; WordPress Plugins; PBN information; SEO Advice; PBN SEO;. One of our seo consultant suggested that it can be not sage and he suggest to use it as tier 3 only. com. This will help improve user experience and ensure that your website is properly indexed by search engines. PBN Backlinks. Because all of the blogs in a PBN belong to the same owner, they have complete editorial control over the sites’ content. But let's acknowledge the elephant in the room. PhishTank – the Phishing Link Checker. E-commerce has become an integral part of the modern economy. pbn) is absolutely safe. Google may de-index your whole PBN if you fail to follow Google guidelines properly. We delete uploaded files after 24 hours and the download links will stop working after this time period. There are broadly two types of backlinks, and they are. The benefits of PBN links is a lot if you implement it with a long-term link-building strategy. Source: moz. If you’re happy to take on a high-risk, high-reward. Dominate the Local or National SERPsA private blog network (PBN) is a network of websites allowing to create backlinks to influence the authority of another website considered as central. Contextual high-power permanent backlinks on our footprint-free high DA private sites. What are PBN Links? PBN stands for Private Blog Network. Your search engine rankings may not see a. While I'd still recommend it to people who like a luxury vacation, there are a few reasons it won't suit all globetrotters. Email outreach is a super white-hat approach to link building (assuming that you don’t spam people). Do thorough research. If you have sites stuck on lesser or more expensive PBN hosting platforms. We use high quality themes, custom logos, as well as real contact pages, and even social media profiles. Secrets of Private Blog Networks (PBNS): Revealing the Real Risks. 3. PBN (private blog network) backlinks are links built from a network of connected websites and blogs. At least as of now. For some people, that statement may. A managed PBN hosting provider is a safe bet if you’re new to this link-building method. Contextual high-power permanent backlinks on our footprint-free high DA private sites. If you believe you can get a return on investment using only PBN links, then DO IT. Safe And Zero Footprint Hosting. A PBN can give a temporary boost in SEO due to the authority of used domains. Try the safe PBN Link Building technique that guarantees positive results! We work with many private individuals & large SEO agencies too. Inner page PBN posts links vs Home page posts PBN links? what type of links is the most safest for ranking? I need. A "private" PBN is the safest because you have full control over it in terms of how many links are there, what kind of links and the quality of the domain and website. Unfortunately, the PBN sites generally have all of these specific characteristics. Identify. With our PBN links for sale, you can boost your website rankings, bring in high-quality traffic, and gain the visibility your business needs to succeed. All of these sellers assure me that that are long term links but when they are checked a few months or a year later the links have been removed or they do not renew the domain so nothing is there. Members. Is it. I have been using pbns for some time now my network is growing pretty big for a few sites I recently bought some pbns from a new seller I found and he told me not to put my links on the homepage of my pbn because thats a huge signal. So imagine all link building services that offer "PBN" links. If you keep your PBN links between 5% and 20% of your overall link profile, you should be pretty sure. A PBN is just made for SEO purposes. Obtaining tier two links is a workaround. Private blog networks (PBNs) are made up of websites that are owned and operated by an individual or company and used to build backlinks for other websites. Analyze metrics like Domain. These are essential elements of SEO. A real guest post simply means a post on a real site/blog made for human readers, ideally with some reputation in the niche and/or good metrics. Yes. Because all of the blogs in a PBN belong to the same owner, they have complete editorial control over the sites’ content. These are a few of the most relevant guidelines to follow when buying backlinks. Our network is fully managed by professionals. Before we go any type of much deeper into the details of PBN backlinks, it’s important to develop a few meanings that. Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementCheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementTry the safe PBN Link Building technique that guarantees positive results! We work with many private individuals & large SEO agencies too. Link is edited into existing homepage content. Two ways that Fiverr backlinks can harm you are: They may penalize your website by clearly violating Google Webmaster Guidelines. Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementCheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementTry the safe PBN Link Building technique that guarantees positive results! We work with many private individuals & large SEO agencies too. These sites are commonly owned by the same person, who’s using them all to build links to their money site. txt file to the Google Disavow Tool. The other links are coming from the internal pages like business listings, editorial links, niche blogs, forums, or branded properties. if yes, do I need to build many web 2. Now, a few important things to note about reseller hosting for PBN sites are: You don’t need it unless you have 40 – 50 or more sites in your private blog network. If you still don’t know what a backlink means, then it’s just any link pointing to your website/blog, also known as an inbound or incoming link. Google is facing hard times detecting those PBNs and in a simple manner, I would say that they are investing a lot of resources to. 12-month recurring payments. 4. But before start PBN link building. One elephant at a time. At the time, you could acquire a few dozen PBN backlinks pointing to an aged domain and your rankings would skyrocket in a matter of days – or even hours. $23 per month ($275 per year) 1 Link. You’ll get 50+ high DA25 PBN links and some will be posted on the home page to give your website extra boost. PBN LINKS. 2. You want to choose a keyword that has low competition so that it will be easier to rank higher in search engine results pages (SERPs). Finally, keep a spreadsheet of your sites in Google Docs. Skip to content. And check each one manually. Google’s link spam guidelines state: “Any links that are intended to manipulate rankings in Google Search results may be. Try the safe PBN Link Building technique that guarantees positive results! We work with many private individuals & large SEO agencies too. Step #4: Prospect Leads For Link Building. Private blog networks (PBNs) have been the hot topic for the past couple of years. Themes: Use a mix of free and paid themes and maintain a ratio of updated and non. If your site is small, you only need a few PBN websites. Back to our example, the 10 site PBN would link to 1. Joined Feb 7, 2015 Messages 2,180 Reaction score 1,009. PBN links are perfect for sniping your exact match anchor text, as long as your link profile allows it. Hi, Right now we are starting working on new site promotion and i'm thinking of using PBN packages sold on BHW as tier 2 links. Our PBN map embeds add valuable location signals to your brand while funneling trust flow as well. The Money site is your Main website – As the owner of this site, your main concern is to. Usually, PBN websites have minimal domain authority. The PBN boom of the late 2000s came about because these “high-PR, low-quality” PBN links worked like crazy. The true value of a PBN link is based on the backlinks that the domain has and therefore you want to spend as much as possible to buy a domain that has healthy backlinks. Advertisement. A money site is basically a website you want to rank higher in Google—it generates “money” for you, hence the term “money site. Media. Site quality: A PBN domain will typically have low-quality, outdated, or irrelevant content that is created solely for the purpose of linking to other sites. A private blog network (PBN) is a network of authority websites that all have a link to your money site. #2 – Safety. . While effective, there are risks involved in using PBN hosting such as over-optimization of anchor text and footprints that must be considered before investing in a PBN . Because with these, they can impress their buyers. We use high quality themes, custom logos, as well as real contact pages, and even social media profiles. Search titles only By: Search Advanced search… Are you looking for creative and legitimate SEO strategies to get your website ranking higher in search engine results pages (SERPs)? In this article, we'll discuss whether or not beginners should use private blog networks as part of their SEO strategy and provide tips on how they can safely make use of this tactic. Yes, but the ranking has increased abruptly. PBNs are frequently used by SEOs who want to be in “complete control” of their link-building operations. This would involve putting a buffer or middle page between your money site and PBN links. It's a huge footprint. New media New comments Search. The lowest level of risk while still using a PBN is to have a network support a single money site. A managed service will take care of the maintenance associated with your server and hosting plan, freeing up your time to focus on other SEO efforts. Site quality: A PBN domain will typically have low-quality, outdated, or irrelevant content that is created solely for the. All of our customers, can obtain totally free SEO & Link building advice from us. i have reviewed quite a few pbn services here, and fortunately there is a close 2nd in my book, but, after seeing the sites that OP provides here, these are the winner in my book. If you build a PBN and a few of the PBN's link out to the same websites even 2 or 3 times, you are doomed. Anyway, PBN to me is quite the 'go to' choice when I can't find a good deal from a more reputable brand like ON or Stacker 2. You can use its Link Explorer to find the PBN backlinks of your competitor’s site, unless, of course, they have blocked Moz’s bot too. We produce PBN backlinks that. That purpose is to have Google and other search engines crawl the website and pick up on the. PBN Links For Sale is an experienced supplier of safe PBN backlinks to help. Another benefit of PBNs is that they are inexpensive and. So, no matter how you look at it, editorial links seem like the best choice on blind guessing. SEOs have been doing this forever. A backlink is a link that points from one website to another. Google may de-index your whole PBN if you fail to follow Google guidelines properly. So grab a cup of coffee and let's dive into PBN vs. You need quality backlinks to outrank your competitors. Instead of focusing on malware, PhishTank instead lets you know if a link is safe or if it will send you to a phishing site. So far however, I’ve hit the 3rd page settling at position #23 – Though it was on Page #2 for a day last week. PBNs should be used exclusively with keyword and exact match anchors to snipe the Top Spot on Google, while all other links provide you with the URL/Brand/Random anchors you. World leading SEO Scientist, will help & advise you fully. A PBN is a network of blogs that are owned and operated by the same person or organization, and each blog links to the other in order to increase the overall link authority of the network. $275. Private blog networks (PBNs) are networks of websites used to build links to a main website in order to improve its search engine rankings. These sites are used to create backlinks to other websites in order to increase their visibility and rankings on search engine result pages (SERPs). New posts New media New media comments Latest activity. Free Migrations to our PBN hosting. Are PBN links safe for SEO? While PBN links can be effective for improving SEO, it is important to note that they come with some risks. As a general rule, try not to include more than a few thousand links on any page. Search engines continuously refine their algorithms to detect and penalize manipulative link-building practices. (btw, this is long-ish. i have reviewed quite a few pbn services here, and fortunately there is a close 2nd in my book, but, after seeing the sites that OP provides here, these are the winner in my book. There are a few key strategies you can use to get the word out about your services and attract more customers. These sites are no joke. PBNs are a set of sites that link to other sites, providing backlinks that have a positive effect on search engine rankings. do I need to build tier 2 link to those new article? 2. you have to do them right to make sure they are safe and effective. It's just that PBN isn't known like the others. Then you must ensure you have a very diverse Backlink Profile. Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementCheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN Management. By carefully building outbound links, optimizing keyword-rich anchor text, and strategically employing other link building strategies such as guest posts and reciprocal links, you can create a powerful backlink profile that will help boost your website’s. Hidden text and links. There are few figures in crypto that have loomed quite as large in the past few years than Changpeng Zhao — better known as CZ — and the. Friends, I asked this I saw some PBN services said that, they will keep our link included post 14 days on the home page and send it to the inner pages after on that time period. Now you can seize the opportunity to get links on our regular PBN network that caters to the following niches: Business / Tech ; Lifestyle / Entertainment ; Health. Link is deleted when canceled. If you don’t have access to a toxic link checker, you’ll need to find all your backlinks. At least 21 people have died in the Dominican Republic after heavy rain over the weekend which displaced thousands of. So if you have. Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementNiche PBN Backlinks exist in a gray area of SEO, where ethical considerations come into play. If you have 10 domains that all link to one another and are all registered publicly under the same name, everyone is going to know it’s a PBN. Once you are sure that the domain has been indexed and ranks for its naked domain name and you have put a few links to other authority sites, you can create a page (or use an existing page) related to your money site and place a link there. 1-Time Payment. Hiding any text or links for the purpose of SEO rather than users goes against Google’s Webmaster guidelines. Try the safe PBN Link Building technique that guarantees positive results! We. I have been pretty vocal about PBN links and while some might not like what I have had to say (because they are selling “private” links) I think it’s a topic that people need to understand more. The idea behind a PBN is to create an artificial network of websites that link back to the main website, thus increasing its visibility and rankings in SERPs. Not only will you get footprint-free natural backlinks, but you also have peace of mind knowing that your links can’t be found by common PBN finding methods, keeping them safe from both search. perhaps a few months. This is the best practice for building a long term website. A quality link from an authoritative website can provide a powerful boost to your site’s visibility and help you establish yourself as a leader in your industry. a. PBN links are affordable and yet very powerful. Step #5: Send Your Pitch. Building links with a PBN can be an effective way to boost your website’s visibility online. 1. You can see sites that link to yours through Google Search Console. Count me in! Have some low comp keywords I want to have ranking. 7. Some standard backlink verification techniques are checking link placement, ensuring the links are not broken, ensuring the links are relevant to your. . SEO is a multifaceted. They also have a choice to sell PBN links to other site owners for extra profit. Order Now. Backlinks are an important part of SEO (search engine optimization). First of all, T-ranks is probably the best PBN I have ever used. Google’s Penguin algorithm, which now runs in real-time as part of the core ranking algorithm, can identify it and devalue your website rankings or get another type of. You have PBN sites that you need moving to your new PBN hosting account. These are not PBN Links. The main goal behind owning a PBN is for dropping links to the SEO Agency clients or your own Money site. PBN Links Are Dangerous. You provide contact details on your websites. We provide keyword-optimized content and placements on trusted, aged blog networks – each link costing less than the price of a fancy coffee. 348e9b4934ceda8c. . To host all the domains in your PBN without linking with each other to your money site in a safe and footprint-free way, PBN hosting plays a major role. They definitely work. - peak of links from sites without any traffic PBN's / web2. PBN link building is a popular strategy used by SEO professionals to build quality inbound links and boost their client’s search engine rankings. 0 to it? or just build few web 2. Web 2. What are PBN Links? PBN links are links that are purchased from a private blog network. Work out how many links you need by reviewing the competition in regards to Traffic/DR of each link and link type (guest posts, HARO, directories, other). How to build a safe PBN that will last you for years. . Hi So basically id like to start cleaning up my link profile, not because i've had a penalty I'd just like to future proof my website. While high-quality PBN links can drive rankings, traffic and authority, those of lesser quality can have just the opposite effect, sending rankings spiraling downward and potentially even resulting in a Google penalty. It has been one month since I built those links to money sites. . Skip to content. If your money site already has backlinks from a few sources and the anchor text from the links are varied, then this is the best time to drip feed PBN links with specific. What I want to know is can I link to multiple money sites (all owned by me, some on the same shared hosting) or will is this a total no-no? Seems to me this would leave a footprint but then this. Identifying PBN backlinks can be challenging but there are a few indicators that can help. The idea is the “feeder” sites will pass link equity back to the main site, which. 2. Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementA PBN, or Private Blog Network, backlink is a link that originates from a network of websites owned by a single entity, designed to manipulate search engine rankings. " It’s simple but not easy, as the cliche goes. $45. Grey hat SEO includes, but is not limited to 4 forms, – Buying a link already indexed in Google. We guarantee that you will feel safe when you buy backlinks from our network. A PBN can help bring links to your website, also. The terms are often mixed up here, some sellers offer high quality PBN posts disguised as guest post. PBN Links Are Dangerous. It's 100% isolate and nothing else for a seriously good price. In conclusion, PBN links can have a significant impact on search engine rankings. Fast links: We find that professional backlink building takes anything from a couple of weeks to a month to start generating results. IMO, buying links can be. Over the past few years, SEO has become an integral part of successful online marketing campaigns as it helps drive organic traffic to websites. In natural linking, it would be extremely unusual for a group of unrelated sites to all link to the same few sites. Batch convert png files to webp format online for free. Hosting A PBN. Simply give us a domain name and content and we will do the rest. Google wants to see contextual links on related websites. 2. Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementBusiness owners and local SEO professionals are constantly on the lookout for ways to boost search engine visibility, generate organic traffic, and establish long-tail keywords. 99 PBN to DA 50 plus Permanent Dofollow SEO Backlinks and Rank Ups on Old DomainsEssential Private Blog Network (PBN)Boost your ranking on Google 2022 with the ultimate SEO skills. Log in Register. Most of them are bad and there are only very few PBN networks that offer highly relevant and useful links which increase your SEO. The other way is to build your own public blog network. Link spam is a form of webspam that involves creating links that add nothing of value to the user experience, or using links to manipulate search. PBN Link services make it easy to connect the right pieces of content within the same blog network and drive more qualified traffic and higher search engine rankings. Using a private blog network (PBN) is considered a black hat search engine optimization (SEO) technique that may result in negative repercussions from search engines looking. Website. This advanced tool allows. Good PBN domains will cost you $100-250, and you’ll usually find them on auctions, such as on GoDaddy auctions for expired domains. Choose File. 1. This isn’t to say that these types of links are unsafe, though. A private blog network (PBN) is a set of websites that link to one another only to affect the popularity of the core page in search results. The only difference is, when you build PBN links correctly. Text and links can be hidden in several ways, such as by: Setting the font size to 0; Using white text or linking in the background; Hiding a text behind an image; Using CSS to place text out off-screen Step #1: Create A Site That’s Worth Linking To. This tool helps you quickly and accurately analyze your website’s backlink profile and determine which links are potentially damaging to your SEO campaign. It is a huge footprint when all websites on PBN have the same owner. Our PBN map embeds add valuable location signals to your brand while funneling trust flow as well. Elements of a PBN Network: Domains: The first element of a PBN network is the selection of high-quality domains. perhaps a few months. Look for PBNs that are related to your niche and have a good reputation. The benefits of PBN links is a lot if you implement it with a long-term link-building strategy. The best thing is, you can. Local businesses are known to have too few backlinks, especially to inner pages which are often neglected and therefore not ranking well or at all. A flooded road in San Jose de Ocoa, Dominican Republic. . What's new. Will post this very soon! Link BOLT is the Future of PBN Links! You Won't Get This Kind of Quality Anywhere Else. Key advice would be to build only a few PBN sites and cater to them. 1. Failure to do so can lead to your PBN Network being de-indexed. As we mentioned earlier, PBNs are not always easy to spot - which means that this method is not as dangerous as it might seem. Search titles only By: Search Advanced search… PBN sites are a network of websites created for the purpose of linking out to other sites and designed to increase your search engine rankings. Actually, there are 3 elephants in the room!!! Let's break it down. If you have 10 domains that all link to one another and are all registered publicly under the same name, everyone is going to know it’s a PBN. In this article, we'll show you the four simple steps you need to take to build an impressive link profile for your PBN sites. Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementCheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN ManagementEnsure you are making the most of our 100% safe, risk-free SEO link-building service – with first-class results. PBN represents a fundamental shift from sensor-based to performance-based navigation and offers a number of advantages over the sensor-specific method of developing airspace and obstacle clearance criteria, i. 2. You have PBN sites that you need moving to your new PBN hosting account. PBNs are low-quality. That is, you will register everything using the information for this persona – domain name, hosting, WordPress author, social media, etc. Since afterall you are manipulating your SERPs. It turns out that leveraging PBN link services is one of the most effective means of accomplishing this goal. The structure of a private blog network bears. Private blog networks (PBNs) are a popular tactic used by marketers and SEO firms to improve their rankings in search engine results page (SERPs). There are a few key reasons to use a PBN or private blog network: It can help increase the visibility of your website on search engine results pages (SERPs). Cheapest PBN hosting provider Next Generation PBN hosting solutions without risk Footprint free WordPress & Static Full PBN Managementrnp, were consistently applied.